Why Hazing Is Wrong
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The Dark Side of: Frat Life
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On a pilot's first solo flight , they are often drenched with water, as well as having the back of their shirt cut off to celebrate the achievement. Cutting off the back of the shirt originates from the days of tandem trainers, where the instructor sat behind the student and tugged on the back of their shirt in order to get their attention. Cutting off the back of the shirt symbolizes that the instructor has no need to do that anymore. On their first crossing the equator in military and commercial navigation, each "pollywog" is subjected to a series of tests usually including running or crawling a gauntlet of abuse and various scenes supposedly situated at King Neptune's court. A pledge auction is a variation on the slave auction , where people bid on the paraded pledges.
Hazing also occurs for apprentices in some trades. In printing, it consists of applying bronze blue to the apprentice's penis and testicles , a color made by mixing black printers ink and dark blue printers ink, which takes a long time to wash off. Similarly, mechanics get their groins smeared with old dirty grease. Hazing by women of their suitors, often assisted by the women's friends, can also play a role in budding romantic relationships, usually taking mental and psychological rather than physical forms, and apparently for the same basic purposes as other hazing. Hazing supposedly serves a deliberate purpose of building solidarity. Psychologist Robert Cialdini uses the framework of consistency and commitment to explain the phenomenon of hazing and the vigor and zeal to which practitioners of hazing persist in and defend these activities even when they are made illegal.
There are several psychological effects that both the hazer and hazee endure throughout the hazing process. In an article published by Raalte, Cornelius, Linder, and Brewer, the researchers used sports teams as the subject of their study. The authors suggest that hazing can result in some positive outcomes. During the hazing process, a bond between the two parties the hazer and the hazee grew. Dissonance can produce feelings of group attraction or social identity among initiates after the hazing experience because they want to justify the effort used. Rewards during initiations or hazing rituals matter in that initiates who feel more rewarded express stronger group identity. In an article published by Linda Wilson, she and the National Pan-Hellenic Council Leaders at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University gave their perspectives and opinions on hazing at their institution, and she discussed why hazing is so hard to discontinue.
The reason why is because the act of hazing is deeply rooted traditionally, so it becomes hard to break those traditional actions. However, it is hard to dismantle not only because of tradition, but also because it is meant to be done in private spaces. It is not meant to be public which makes getting rid of it even harder. A paper by Harvey Whitehouse [24] discusses theories that hazing can cause social cohesion though group identification and identity fusion.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that groups that share painful or strong negative experiences can cause visceral [ vague ] bonding, and pro-group behavior. According to one of the largest US National Surveys regarding hazing including over 60, student athletes from 2, colleges and universities: [26]. Over , athletes at more than 1, National Collegiate Athletic Association schools in the US participated in intercollegiate sports during — Of these athletes:. The most common hazing-related activities reported in student groups included alcohol consumption, humiliation, isolation, sleep deprivation, and sex acts. Police forces, especially those with a paramilitary tradition, or sub-units of police forces such as tactical teams, may also have hazing rituals.
Rescue services, such as lifeguards [28] [29] or air-sea rescue teams may have hazing rituals. Hazing rituals are a common practice in student clubs fraternities and sororities, called studentenclubs and student societies called studentenverenigingen , studentenkringen or faculteitskringen. The latter is attached to the faculty of the university, while the first ones are privately operated. Hazing rituals in student societies have generally been safer than those in student clubs, precisely because they are to some extent regulated by universities.
For example, KU Leuven drew up a hazing charter in following an animal cruelty incident in the hazing ritual of student club Reuzegom. The charter was to be signed by student societies, fraternities and sororities. Signing the charter would have been a pledge to notify the city of the place and time of the hazing ceremony, and to abstain from violence, racism, extortion, bullying, sexual assault, discrimination, and the use of vertebrate animals. Reuzegom, as well as the other fraternities and sororities of the Antwerp Guild, refused. In , twenty-year-old student Sanda Dia died from multiple organ failure in the Reuzegom hazing ritual as a result of racially motivated abuse by fellow Reuzegom members.
In April , the 28 remaining fraternities in Leuven signed the charter. In the Netherlands, the so-called 'traditional fraternities' have an introduction time which includes hazing rituals. The pledges go for a few days to a camp during which they undergo hazing rituals but are meanwhile introduced in the traditions of the fraternity. After camp, there are usually evenings or whole days in which the pledges have to be present at the fraternity, although slowly the pressure is released and the relations become somewhat more equal. Often, pledges collect or perform chores to raise funds for charity. At the end of the hazing period, the inauguration of the new members take place. Incidents have occurred resulting in injuries and death.
Often these incidents occur when members wish to join a house, prestigious sub-structure or commission for which they undergo a second and usually heavier hazing ritual. Incidents mostly occur during hazing rituals for these sub-structures, since there is less or no control from the fraternity board. Also, these sub-structure hazing rituals involve often excessive alcohol abuse, even when alcohol has become a taboo in hazing of the fraternity itself. Other situations causing additional risks for incidents are members often joining the hazing camp but not designated with any responsibility separating pledges and taking them away from the main group to 'amuse themselves' with them.
In a student at Utrecht University choked to death during a hazing ritual Roetkapaffaire. There was public outrage when the perpetrators were convicted to light conditional sentences while left-wing Provo demonstrators were given unconditional prison sentences for order disturbances. The fact that the magistrates handling the case were all alumni of the same fraternity gave rise to accusions of nepotism and class justice. Two incidents in , leading to one heavy injury and one death, lead to sharpened scrutiny over hazing.
Hazing incidents have nevertheless occurred since, but justice is becoming keener in persecuting perpetrators. The Netherlands has no anti-hazing legislation. Hazing incidents can be handled by internal resolution by the fraternity itself the lightest cases , and via the criminal justice system as assault or in case of death negligent homicide or manslaughter. Universities as a rule support student unions financially and by granting board members of such union a discount on the required number of ECTS credits but can in the most extreme case suspend or withdraw recognition and support for such union.
According to R. Dayao, hazing, usually in initiation rites of fraternities, has a long history in the Philippines , and has been a source of public controversy after many cases that resulted to death of the neophyte. The first recorded death due to hazing in the Philippines was recorded in , with the death of Gonzalo Mariano Albert. Hazing was regulated under the Anti-Hazing Act of , after the death of Leonardo Villa in , but many cases, usually causing severe injury or death, continued even after it was enacted, the latest involving Darwin Dormitorio , a year old Cadet 4th Class from the Philippine Military Academy. Ragging is a practice similar to hazing in educational institutions in South Asia.
Ragging involves existing students baiting or bullying new students. It often takes a malignant form wherein the newcomers may be subjected to psychological or physical torture. Through the years this practice has worsened to all types of violence including sexual violence, harassment and has also claimed the lives of several students. The practice of ritual abuse among social groups is not clearly understood.
This is partly due to the secretive nature of the activities, especially within collegiate fraternities and sororities, and in part a result of long-term acceptance of hazing. Thus, it has been difficult for researchers to agree on the underlying social and psychological mechanisms that perpetuate hazing. In military circles hazing is sometimes assumed to test recruits under situations of stress and hostility. Although in no way a recreation of combat, hazing does put people into stressful situations that they are unable to control, which allegedly should weed out the weaker members prior to being put in situations where failure to perform will cost lives. The problem with this approach, according to opponents, is that the stress and hostility comes from inside the group, and not from outside as in actual combat situation, creating suspicion and distrust towards the superiors and comrades-in-arms.
Willing participants may be motivated by a desire to prove to senior soldiers their stability in future combat situations, making the unit more secure, but blatantly brutal hazing can in fact produce negative results, making the units more prone to break, desert or mutiny than those without hazing traditions, as observed in the Russian army in Chechnya , where units with the strongest traditions of dedovschina were the first to break and desert under enemy fire. Colleges and universities sometimes avoid publicizing hazing incidents for fear of damaging institutional reputations or incurring financial liability to victims.
In a study, a survey of 3, collegiate athletes, coaches, athletic directors and deans found a variety of approaches to prevent hazing, including strong disciplinary and corrective measures for known cases, implementation of athletic, behavioral, and academic standards guiding recruitment; provisions for alternative bonding and recognition events for teams to prevent hazing; and law enforcement involvement in monitoring, investigating, and prosecuting hazing incidents. Only another one in five was involved in what Hoover described as positive initiation events, such as taking team trips or running obstacle courses. Hoover wrote: "Athletes most at risk for any kind of hazing for college sports were men; non-Greek members; and either swimmers, divers, soccer players, or lacrosse players.
The campuses where hazing was most likely to occur were primarily in eastern or southern states with no anti-hazing laws. The campuses were rural, residential, and had Greek systems. Hoover found that non-fraternity members were most at risk of hazing, and that football players are most at risk of potentially dangerous or illegal hazing. The doctor said hazing victims sometimes hide the real cause of injuries out of shame or to protect those who caused the harm. In protecting their abusers, hazing victims can be compared with victims of domestic violence, Finkel wrote.
Finkel cites hazing incidents including "beating or kicking to the point of traumatic injury or death, burning or branding , excessive calisthenics , being forced to eat unpleasant substances, and psychological or sexual abuse of both males and females". Reported coerced sexual activity is sometimes considered "horseplay" rather than rape, she wrote. In November , controversy arose over a video showing Royal Marines fighting naked and intoxicated as part of a hazing ritual.
The fight culminated with one soldier receiving a kick to the face, rendering him unconscious. The man who suffered the kick to the head did not press charges. This investigation is the most comprehensive study of hazing to date and includes survey responses from more than 11, undergraduate students at 53 colleges and universities in different regions of the U. Through the vision and efforts of many, this study fills a major gap in the research and extends the breadth and depth of knowledge and understanding about hazing. These include:. With hazing, there have been countless instances where it has been taken too far and has resulted in death or near death experiences. Sometimes people who haze others are too involved in the act of doing it that they are not attentive to possible harm to the other person.
The practice of hazing at West Point entered the national spotlight following his death. Congressional hearings investigated his death and the pattern of systemic hazing of first-year students, and serious efforts were made to reform the system and end hazing at West Point. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rituals of humiliation used to initiate someone into a group. See also: Initiation and Rite of passage. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. November Learn how and when to remove this template message.
Further information: Hazing in Greek letter organizations. See also: List of hazing deaths in the United States. See also: List of hazing deaths in the Philippines. Main article: Ragging. This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. May Learn how and when to remove this template message. The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the English-speaking world and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. European Sport Management Quarterly. S2CID Retrieved 21 May George's School and the School's Response: to ". Report of Independent Investigator Martin F. Retrieved 9 November Retrieved 29 Nov Maledicta , Volume Maledicta Press. Benn Bros. Retrieved 27 July Cornell University. Retrieved 19 February Retrieved 27 May Hazing Prevention. Influence: Science and Practice 4 ed.
ISBN Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. CiteSeerX These punishments usually range from suspension to expulsion, and some schools even take legal action. Some people say that these are lazy, and let the school just brush off the problem rather than properly addressing it. There are many different types of bullying in the United States of America and all around the world. Bullying has become a big problem and can be stopped. Bullying has a negative effect on teenagers because it lowers their self-esteem, causes stress, and ruins reputations through mobbing and cyberbullying. Bullying happens everywhere, in schools, at home, and with friends. Abstract The importance of banning drugs has a vital impact on the whole society through the implications of the difficulties that arise when actually taking the drug.
The problem exists due to the motivation of users when consuming the drug. The results that arise from it are ecstatic and euphoric. The main problem at hand is trying to put the ban on drugs of any use. This main problem is a huge issue regarding all age groups who try out these drugs. Above all it is a crime! We all have a part to play in ending it. People are being abused and it can be stopped if people learn that domestic violence can have deep effects on the abused. There are many different ways to help a person who needs help to get out of a violent household.
People should learn about domestic violence and the negative impacts. These actions are classified as hazing, being an understudied, under discussed and underestimated social issue among many groups, including campuses, sports teams and even the military. Although schools and organizations across the country have differing rules and 44 states specifically created laws against hazing, the definition remains the same.
According to Dictionary. Hazing can be categorized into three types: subtle,…. Are all of these signs actually taken into account for cops to take charge and punish the abusers? The cycle is a serious problem because it can cause more abusers over and over again that believe it is okay to harm others, which is unfair to the abusers as well because they honestly know nothing better. When child abuse it reported, cases should be filed and should be taken care of, correct? Essays Essays FlashCards.
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