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Pediatricians Debunk 16 Baby Myths

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Considerably more research will be necessary in order to understand what causes head banging to continue into adulthood as well as how and why Sleep Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder can be different in children and adults. Eric Suni has over a decade of experience as a science writer and was previously an information specialist for the National Cancer Institute. She specializes in helping parents establish healthy sleep habits for children.

With less rigid schedules during summer break, kids tend to face sleep disruptions. Help your kids avoid summer sleep troubles…. Terminology about sleep can be confusing. Our sleep dictionary clearly explains common sleep terms so that you can better understand…. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website.

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Updated June 24, Written by Eric Suni. Medically Reviewed by Dr. Nilong Vyas. How Common Is Head Banging? Is Head Banging a Health Concern? Does Head Banging Happen in Adults? What Is Head Banging? When sitting, they bang their head against the crib, a wall, or another nearby object. Examples of other rhythmic movements include: Body Rocking: A child may move their whole body back and forth while on their hands and knees or just move their torso if sitting down. Head Rolling: Usually occurring when a child is on their back, this is a frequent side-to-side head motion. Body or Leg Rolling: This is a side-to-side movement of the body or just the legs when lying on their back.

Leg Banging: In this movement, which generally occurs while a child is on their back, the legs are lifted and then knocked back into the bed. Get the latest information in sleep from our newsletter. Your privacy is important to us. Was this article helpful? Yes No. Nilong Vyas Pediatrician MD. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Darien, IL. Journal of sleep research, 28 3 , e Chiaro, G. Gwyther, A. Rhythmic movement disorder in childhood: An integrative review.

Sleep medicine reviews, 35, 62— Wiener-Vacher, S. Vestibular activity and cognitive development in children: perspectives. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 7, Hayward-Koennecke, H. Gall, M. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, Gogo, E. Objectively confirmed prevalence of sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder in pre-school children. Sleep medicine, 53, 16— Disturbed nighttime sleep in children and adults with rhythmic movement disorder. Sleep, zsaa Advance online publication.

Mayer, G. Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder revisited. Journal of sleep research, 16 1 , — Stepanova, I. Rhythmic movement disorder in sleep persisting into childhood and adulthood. Sleep, 28 7 , — Learn more about Baby Sleep. By Eric Suni June 24, By Danielle Pacheco June 24, By Alexa Fry June 24, Load More Articles. Other Articles of Interest Children and Sleep. There's no better time to start the journey to improving your sleep. Get helpful tips, expert information, videos, and more delivered to your inbox. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It is caused when germs that are found in soil and manure get into the body through open cuts or burns.

Tetanus cannot be passed from person to person. Whooping cough is a disease that can cause long bouts of coughing and choking, making it hard to breathe. Whooping cough can last for up to 10 weeks. Babies under 1 year of age are most at risk from whooping cough. For these babies, the disease is very serious and it can kill. It is not usually so serious in older children. Before the pertussis vaccine was introduced, the average number of cases of whooping cough reported each year in the UK was , and 92 children died in the year before the vaccine was introduced. Polio is a virus that attacks the nervous system and can cause permanent paralysis of muscles.

If it affects the chest muscles or the brain, polio can kill. Before the polio vaccine was introduced, there were as many as 8, cases of polio in the UK in epidemic years. Because of the continued success of the polio vaccination, there have been no cases of natural polio infection in the UK for over 30 years the last case was in Hib is an infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria. It can lead to a number of major illnesses such as blood poisoning septicaemia , pneumonia and meningitis.

The Hib vaccine only protects your baby against the type of meningitis caused by the Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria — it does not protect against any other causes of meningitis. The illnesses caused by Hib can kill if they are not treated quickly. Before the Hib vaccine was introduced, there were about cases of Hib in young children every year. Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus.

In children, the infection can persist for many years and can sometimes lead to complications such as scarring of the liver cirrhosis , which prevents it from working properly or liver cancer. Although the number of children infected with the hepatitis B virus is low in the UK, hepatitis B immunisation has been provided to infants at a high risk of developing the infection from infected mothers since the s. In hepatitis B vaccine was added to the routine immunisation programme so that all children can benefit from protection against this virus. The hepatitis B vaccine only protects against the B type of the virus and 3 doses will provide long lasting protection for those children without additional risk factors.

Your baby should be immunised with MenB vaccine when they are 8 weeks, 16 weeks and 12 months old. This vaccine protects against meningitis and septicaemia blood poisoning caused by meningococcal group B bacteria. The MenB vaccine does not protect against meningitis and septicaemia caused by other bacteria or by viruses see the Watch out for meningitis and septicaemia section below for further information. There are several types of meningococcal bacteria A, B, C, W, Y and Z and most cases of meningitis and septicaemia in the UK are caused by the B strains, especially in young children.

A vaccine that helps to protect against MenB disease was introduced into the UK programme in September In England and Wales, in , there were over confirmed MenB cases, with more than half of the cases in children under 5 years of age. Without vaccination, around 1 in 3, infants under 1 year and 1 in 8, toddlers aged 1 to 4 years will develop meningococcal disease every year. Fever can be expected after any vaccination, but is very common when the MenB vaccine is given with the other routine vaccines at 8 and 16 weeks.

Giving infant paracetamol will reduce the risk of fever, irritability and general discomfort including pain at the site of the injection after vaccination. You will need to give your baby a total of 3 doses of paracetamol 2. You should then give the second dose 4 to 6 hours later and the third dose 4 to 6 hours after that. You will need to follow the same steps after their 16 week vaccinations. No paracetamol is required at the 12 month dose see MenB booster vaccine. If you do not have any infant paracetamol liquid at home you should get some in time for your first vaccination visit. It is widely available from pharmacies and supermarkets.

The Meningitis B vaccine is called Bexsero. Your baby should be immunised with PCV when they are 12 weeks and 12 months old. PCV provides some protection against one of the most common causes of meningitis, and also against other conditions such as severe ear infections otitis media , and pneumonia caused by pneumococcal bacteria. This vaccine only protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria and does not protect against meningitis caused by other bacteria or viruses see the Watch out for meningitis and septicaemia section below for further information. There are more than 90 different pneumococcal types serotypes that can cause disease in humans, but the 13 types in the vaccine were the most common.

The infection causes serious invasive disease such as meningitis and septicaemia blood poisoning and less serious infections such as ear infections otitis media , sinusitis, pneumonia and bronchitis. More than 5, cases are diagnosed each year in England. The number of cases peaks in December and January. Invasive infections due to the strains covered by the vaccine have declined dramatically since the vaccine was introduced. Some babies may get swelling, redness or tenderness at the injection site or a mild fever. The pneumococcal vaccine for infants is called Prevenar Rotavirus is an infection that causes vomiting and diarrhoea.

In England, before the vaccine was introduced, almost all babies got rotavirus at sometime in their first 5 years of life and about 1 in every 5 required medical attention. About 1 in 10 of these roughly 13, were admitted to hospital because of rotavirus. The virus can be spread through hand to mouth contact and be picked up from surfaces such as toys, hands or dirty nappies. It can also be spread through the air by sneezing and coughing. The vaccine will be given with the other routine vaccinations at 8 and 12 weeks of age.

Your baby needs 2 rotavirus vaccinations at least 4 weeks apart to get the best protection. If he or she misses 1 of the vaccinations, the first dose can be given up to 15 weeks of age. No dose of the vaccine will be given to babies over 24 weeks of age. Many millions of doses of the vaccine have been used and it has a good safety record. Babies who have had the vaccine can sometimes become restless and irritable, and some may even develop mild diarrhoea. If this happens, you should contact your doctor immediately.

The rotavirus vaccine is called Rotarix. These vaccines will help to protect your child through early childhood. Your child will need a second dose of MMR vaccine before starting school. This vaccine protects against Hib see the Hib section above for information on Hib and meningitis and septicaemia blood poisoning caused by meningococcal group C bacteria. This vaccine does not protect against meningitis or septicaemia caused by other bacteria or by viruses see the Watch out for meningitis and septicaemia section below for further information. Prior to the introduction of the vaccine there were around to MenC cases a year, mainly affecting babies and teenagers. A booster dose of MenC is contained in the MenACWY vaccine given to young teenagers, and is needed to provide longer-term protection against 4 of the causes of meningitis and septicaemia.

Your child may have redness, swelling or tenderness where they had the injection. About half of all babies who have the vaccine may become irritable, and about 1 in 20 could get a mild fever. This booster dose provides longer-term protection against meningitis and septicaemia caused by meningococcal group B bacteria. The risk of fever, which is common after the vaccinations at 8 and 16 weeks of age see MenB vaccine , is much less common after this vaccination because babies at this age can tolerate the vaccine better. There is no need, therefore, for paracetamol to be given as a precautionary measure, although it should be given if a fever does occur. Out of 10 babies immunised, 1 or 2 may get swelling, redness or tenderness where they had the injection, or they may have a mild fever.

MMR protects your child against measles, mumps and rubella German measles. The MMR vaccine contains weakened versions of live measles, mumps and rubella viruses. Because the viruses are weakened, people who have had the vaccine cannot infect other people. If you want your child to have the porcine gelatine free vaccine, talk to your practice nurse or GP. It is given to a child at 1 year of age after the immunity they got from their mother wears off. It should be given again when children are 3 years and 4 months of age or soon after. Since it was introduced in the UK in , the MMR vaccine has dramatically reduced the 3 diseases measles, mumps, rubella in young children.

Measles is caused by a very infectious virus. Nearly everyone who catches it will have a high fever, a rash and generally be unwell. Children often have to spend about 5 days in bed and could be off school for 10 days. Adults are likely to be ill for longer. It is not possible to tell who will be seriously affected by measles. Around 1 in every 5 people with measles will go to hospital. The complications include chest infections, fits, encephalitis infection of the brain and brain damage. In very serious cases, measles can kill.

Before measles vaccine around , cases and a deaths occurred in epidemic years. In the year before the MMR vaccine was introduced in the UK , 86, children caught measles and 16 died. Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known. A cough or a sneeze can spread the measles virus over a wide area. Mumps is caused by a virus which can lead to fever, headache and painful, swollen glands in the face, neck and jaw. It can result in permanent deafness, viral meningitis infection of the lining of the brain and encephalitis. Rarely, it causes painful swelling of the testicles in males and the ovaries in females. Mumps lasts about 7 to 10 days.

Before the MMR vaccine was introduced, about 1, people a year in the UK went into hospital because of mumps. Rubella German measles is also caused by a virus. In children it is usually mild and can go unnoticed. It causes a short-lived rash, swollen glands and a sore throat. Rubella is very serious for unborn babies. It can seriously damage their sight, hearing, heart and brain. This condition is called congenital rubella syndrome CRS. Rubella infection in the first 3 months of pregnancy causes damage to the unborn baby in 9 out of 10 cases. In the 5 years before the MMR vaccine was introduced, about 43 babies a year were born in the UK with congenital rubella syndrome.

The 3 viruses in the vaccine act at different times and may produce the following side effects after the first dose:. The MMR vaccine can safely be given to children who have had a severe allergy anaphylactic reaction to egg. This is because MMR vaccine is grown on chick cells, not the egg white or yolk. If you have any concerns, talk to your health visitor, practice nurse or doctor. If you would prefer to have the vaccine that does not contains porcine gelatine, talk to your practice nurse or GP. In the past, there have been stories in the media linking MMR with autism. In theory, a baby could respond effectively to around 10, vaccines at any one time. Parents and carers can also report suspected side effects of vaccines and medicines through the Yellow Card Scheme or by calling the Yellow Card hotline on Freephone available Monday to Friday from 10am to 2pm.

BCG protects babies against tuberculosis TB. In the UK, like many other countries, BCG is only offered to babies who are more likely than the general population to come into contact with someone with TB. This is because they either live in an area with high rates of TB or their parents or grandparents came from a country with high rates of TB. The vaccination is usually offered after the birth while your baby is still in hospital, but it can be given at any time. TB is an infection that usually affects the lungs. It can also affect other parts of the body, such as the lymph glands, bones, joints and kidneys. Most cases can be cured with treatment. TB can also cause a very serious form of meningitis. Although TB is no longer as common in the UK, worldwide it kills around 2 million people a year.

A blister or sore may appear where the injection is given. If it does appear, it will heal gradually, and it is best if you do not cover it up. The sore may leave a small scar. If you are worried or think the sore has become infected, see your doctor. Although the hepatitis B vaccine is part of the routine childhood immunisation programme, it is also given to babies whose mothers have hepatitis B to prevent the babies getting the infection from their mothers at birth.

Babies at high risk of developing hepatitis B infection are given 6 doses of hepatitis B containing vaccine:. Hepatitis is an infection of the liver caused by hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis B vaccine protects against the B type of the virus, but it does not protect against hepatitis caused by other types of the virus. The hepatitis B virus is passed through infected blood from mothers to their babies at birth. If you are pregnant and have hepatitis B, or if you get the disease during your pregnancy, you could pass it on to your baby. Your baby may not be ill immediately after birth but they have a high chance of developing serious liver disease later in life. Some people carry the virus in their blood without knowing it.

Pregnant women in the UK are offered a hepatitis B test during their antenatal care. If you have hepatitis B, you should have your baby vaccinated after birth to prevent them from becoming infected. It is safe to breastfeed your baby as long as they receive their vaccines on time. The side effects of the hepatitis B vaccine are usually quite mild. There could be some redness, soreness or tenderness where the injection is given.

This lasts for a few days. Further information on side effects is available. Further information on hepatitis B vaccine is available on NHS. Both meningitis and septicaemia are very serious. It is important that you recognise the signs and symptoms and know what to do if you see them. Early symptoms of meningitis and septicaemia may be similar to a cold or flu fever, vomiting, irritability and restlessness.

However, people with meningitis or septicaemia can become seriously ill within hours, so it is important to act fast. Meningitis is an infection of the lining of the brain. Meningitis can be caused by several types of bacteria including pneumococcus, meningococcus and Haemophilus influenzae or by viruses. Septicaemia is a very serious condition when the bloodstream is infected. Septicaemia can be caused by several types of bacteria including pneumococcus, meningococcus and Haemophilus influenzae.

The signs are cold hands and feet, pale skin, vomiting and being very sleepy or finding it difficult to wake up, and these signs can come on quickly. If you suspect you or someone else has septicaemia, get help urgently. The bacteria that cause meningitis and septicaemia blood poisoning , can also cause pericarditis inflammation of the lining of the sac that contains the heart and arthritis swelling of the joints and other serious infections. Not everyone will develop all these symptoms and some may not appear.

They can appear in any order and be mixed between the 2 illnesses. It is important to seek early medical advice if you, your child or a friend have symptoms of concern or a condition that is getting rapidly worse. Press the side of a clear drinking glass firmly against the rash so you can see if the rash fades and loses colour under pressure. Meningitis Research Foundation Free helpline 9am to 10pm weekdays, 10am to 8pm weekends and holidays. You can also ask your doctor, practice nurse or health visitor for advice, or for non-urgent enquiries call the free NHS helpline or visit NHS. Current immunisations are extremely safe but, very rarely, an individual may suffer from a problem after vaccination.

The Vaccine Damage Payment Scheme is designed to ease the present and future burdens of the person who, on that very rare occasion, may be affected by the vaccination. There are several conditions that need to be met before a payment can be made. If you want advice on immunisation, speak to your doctor, practice nurse, health visitor or pharmacist, or call the NHS helpline Further information is available on NHS. Most vaccines are given as an injection in the thigh or upper arm. Rotavirus vaccine is given as drops to be swallowed and influenza vaccine as a nasal spray. If your child is going abroad, make sure their routine immunisations are up to date. Your child may also need extra immunisations and you may also need to take other precautions.

You can get more information on NHS. One of the 2 MMR vaccines available contains porcine gelatine. On dark skin, check inside the eyelids or roof of the mouth where the spots may be more visible. If LAIV is contraindicated and child is in a clinical risk group, use inactivated flu vaccine. Consider annual influenza vaccination for household members and those who care for people with these conditions. To any age in severe immunosuppression. Take blood for HBsAg at 12 months to exclude infection. In addition hexavalent vaccine Infanrix hexa is given at 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Can be given from 16 weeks but usually offered after the anomaly scan. To help us improve GOV.

It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Cookies on GOV. UK We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Accept additional cookies Reject additional cookies View cookies. Hide this message. Home Parenting, childcare and children's services Children's health and welfare Children's health Immunisations: babies up to 13 months of age. Public Health England. Contents 1.