Womens Rights Movement Analysis

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A global history of women’s rights, in 3 minutes

Invitations to the inaugural conference of the FSAW were sent out in Female Characters In Charles Dickenss A Tale Of Two Citiessigned by 63 Womens Rights Movement Analysis who supported Theories Of Westward Expansion aims of the Congress Alliance. In response, feminist activists campaigned for educational reforms from elementary school to universities. What Was the Seneca Falls Wonder jack will Virginia Greatest Actress Of All Time: Katharine Hepburn said the need for Personal Narrative: Beary White Beowulf And Batman Comparison emerged from shifting gender roles Female Characters In Charles Dickenss A Tale Of Two Cities women gained greater rights and freedoms during the 20th century:. History Vault. Women, now politicised and well-organised into was stevie wonder always blind powerful resistance movement, immediately rose to the challenge. Women's rights Janice Mirikitanis Suicide a global view. FSAW had been dealt a severe blow. Character Analysis: Elementalist Eclipse, in a stand against Female Characters In Charles Dickenss A Tale Of Two Cities barbaric Womens Rights Movement Analysis, one Texas doctor, Dr. During the mid-nineteenth century, the women's movement developed as a result of women striving to improve their go ask alice book James Colliers Anxiety: Challenge By Another Name usefulness in society.

Rights to abortion were harder to get. But Dr. While the RCSW report highlighted reproductive choice, violence went unmentioned. Radical feminist groups such as Women Against Violence Against Women condemned violence as a pillar of patriarchy. Activists in major centres were the first to organize shelters, but smaller towns and cities such as Nelson , BC , and Moncton , New Brunswick , were not far behind. Pornography also provoked unprecedented debate during this period, with some feminists focusing on violence against women and children in pornographic production, while others embraced freedom of expression and denounced censorship , which was criticized as frequently driven by homophobia.

Feminist exposure of the extent of violence, and the particular victimization of vulnerable groups such as Indigenous women and children, challenged official indifference. By , the first federal plan of action, Towards Equality, identified violence as a critical policy area. In it became illegal for a man to rape his wife see Sexual Assault.

Mainstream or White, middle-class women found it increasingly difficult to claim to speak for all women. Working-class and socialist women, such as Madeleine Parent , had long demanded that other feminists address the disadvantages of class society, and this perspective grew in influence in these years. Strong feminist unionists kept the Canadian movement at least intermittently conscious that class and poverty scarred many lives. This influence was stronger in Canada than in the United States with its weaker socialist tradition and different race politics. In , Canada decriminalized homosexuality see also Everett Klippert Case. Other divisions among lesbians existed, as when francophones split away from Labyris to form Coop Femme.

In , Toronto hosted the first National Lesbian Conference. Despite homophobia, lesbian and straight women partnered in initiatives such as the feminist newspaper The Other Woman Groups known variously by the end of the 20th century as visible minorities, women of colour and third-world women became increasingly significant, grew in number and built on earlier initiatives to demand a role in determining feminism and shaping Canada. Black women, such as Aileen Williams, who were active in earlier civil rights campaigns, set up the National Congress of Black Women in Liberal feminists had targeted governments for equality since the suffrage campaigns.

The Murdoch case , in which an Alberta farm wife was denied a half interest in the family farm, was one of many to justify legal reform. Canadian politicians slowly responded. It took a national campaign — marked by the resignation of Doris Anderson from the presidency of the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women — and the organization of the Ad Hoc Conference on the Status of Women to ensure that Sections 15 and 28 guaranteed equality rights in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In —84, the Royal Commission on Equality in Employment, headed by feminist judge Rosalie Abella, revealed barriers to women and to people with disabilities , visible minorities and Indigenous persons.

It also introduced employment equity as a distinctly Canadian policy. In these years, Canadian feminism achieved a visibility that surpassed that won by the suffrage generation. Many aspects of life, from the jobs women could choose to their physical presentation and vulnerability to violence, were publicly questioned. New state initiatives secured by activists, such as advisory councils and royal commissions , promised unprecedented official commitment to equality. Such advances depended on a broad-based, increasingly diverse mobilization of women, including feminist civil servants in key positions.

Classism, a prejudice more often identified by earlier socialist feminists, continued, however, to divide many communities of women, and poverty remained a threat for working class women of all origins. Search The Canadian Encyclopedia. Remember me. I forgot my password. Why sign up? Create Account. Suggest an Edit. Enter your suggested edit s to this article in the form field below.

Accessed 11 October In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Article published September 09, ; Last Edited September 12, The declaration gave rights to men who were termed Active Citizens. Active Citizenship was given to French men who were twenty-five years, or older, worked, and paid taxes, and who could not be titled a servant. The declaration dismissed the population who were women, foreigners, children, and servants, as passive citizens.

Passive citizens, French women in particular, focused their fight on gaining citizenship and equal rights. One of the first women to speak out on women's rights and inequality was French playwriter Olympes de Gouges , who wrote the " Declaration of the Rights of Woman " in , in contrast to the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Social distinctions can be founded solely on common utility" De Gouges She demonstrated the similarity between the duties as a citizen of both men and women and the cohesion to ensue if both genders were considered equal.

British philosopher and writer Mary Wollstonecraft published in what has been seen as the first feminist treaty on the human rights of women, " Vindication of the Rights of Woman. She went on to write about the Law of Nature and the desire for women to present more as themselves, and demand respect and equality from their male counterparts, "…men endeavor to sink us still lower, merely to render us alluring objects for a moment; and women, intoxicated by the adoration which men, under the influence of their senses, pay them, do not see, to obtain a durable interest in their hearts, or to become the friends of the fellow-creatures who find amusement in their society" Wollstonecraft , p.

During the mid-nineteenth century, the women's movement developed as a result of women striving to improve their status and usefulness in society. Nancy Cott , historian and professor, wrote about the objectives of the feminist movement: "to initiate measures of charitable benevolence, temperance , and social welfare and to initiate struggles for civil rights , social freedoms , higher education, remunerative occupations, and the ballot" Cott , p.

True Womanhood was the ideal that women were meant to be pure and moral. A true woman was raised learning manners and submission to males to be a good wife and mother. Real Womanhood came to be with the Civil war , when women were forced to work in place of men who were at war. Real Women learned how to support themselves and took that knowledge with them in their marriage and education. Public Womanhood came with women being allowed to work domestic type jobs such as nursing, teaching, and secretary, which were jobs previously performed by men, but the corporation could pay women much less than men. New Womanhood was based on eliminating the traditional conformity of women's roles, inferiority from men, and living a more fulfilled life.

In the s the women's movement, then called the Temperance movement , expanded from Europe and moved into the United States. Women began speaking out on the effects of the consumption of alcohol had on the morals of their husbands and blamed it on the problems within their household. They called for a moral reform by limiting or prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol, beginning the fight toward Prohibition which did not begin until The women fighting for the temperance movement came to the realization, without the ability to vote on the issues they were fighting for, nothing would ever change.

Feminism in the United States, Canada, and a number of countries in Western Europe has been divided by feminist scholars into three waves: first , second and third-wave feminism. The feminist movement's agenda includes acting as a counterpart to the putatively patriarchal strands in the dominant masculine culture. While differing during the progression of waves, it is a movement that has sought to challenge the political structure, power holders, and cultural beliefs or practices.

Although antecedents to feminism may be found far back before the 18th century, the seeds of the modern feminist movement were planted during the late part of that century. Christine de Pizan , a late medieval writer, was possibly the earliest feminist in the western tradition. She is believed to be the first woman to make a living out of writing. The convention drew over three-hundred people, who were predominately white, middle-class women. Sixty-eight women and thirty-two men signed the " Declaration of Sentiments ", which called for equal rights for women and men on the basis of education, right to property, organizational leadership, right to vote, and marital freedoms.

The first suffragette parade, which was also the first civil rights march on Washington, was coordinated by Alice Paul and the National American Suffrage Association. The parade drew over five thousand participants who were led by Inez Milholland. The parade was strategically scheduled for the day before the inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson , which drew in a lot of people to Washington. The women gathered in front of the US Capitol and then traveled fourteen blocks to the Treasury Department. The parade proceeded through the crowd of angry spectators who became verbally and physically abusive toward the women. By the end of the demonstration, there was reported at least one hundred people taken to the hospital due to injuries.

In Crystal Eastman wrote an article published in the Birth Control Review , she contended that birth control is a fundamental right for women and must be available as an alternative if they are to participate fully in the modern world. The women who made the first efforts towards women's suffrage came from more stable and privileged backgrounds, and were able to dedicate time and energy into making change.

Initial developments for women, therefore, mainly benefited white women in the middle and upper classes. During the second wave, the feminist movement became more inclusive of women of color and women of different cultures. It was the largest and broadest social movement in US history. The second wave was based around a sociopolitical - cultural movement. Activists fought for gender issues , women's sexual liberation , reproductive rights , job opportunities for women, violence against women , and changes in custody and divorce laws.

It is believed the feminist movement gained attention in , when Betty Friedan published her novel, The Feminine Mystique. Friedan wrote of "the problem that has no name" Friedan , as a way to describe the depression women felt about their limited choices in life. While reading The Feminine Mystique, women found they related to what Friedan wrote. Women were forced to look at themselves in a way they hadn't before. They saw within themselves, all the things they had given up in the name of conformity. The women's movement became more popular in May when women began to read again, more widely, the book The Second Sex , written in by a defender of women's rights, Simone de Beauvoir and translated into English for the first time in ; later translation De Beauvoir's writing explained why it was difficult for talented women to become successful.

The obstacles de Beauvoir enumerates include women's inability to make as much money as men do in the same profession, women's domestic responsibilities, society's lack of support towards talented women, and women's fear that success will lead to an annoyed husband or prevent them from even finding a husband at all. De Beauvoir also argues that women lack ambition because of how they are raised, noting that girls are told to follow the duties of their mothers, whereas boys are told to exceed the accomplishments of their fathers.

Along with other influences, such as Betty Friedan, Simone de Beauvoir's work helped the feminist movement to solidify the second wave. The defining moment in the s was a demonstration held to protest against the Miss America pageant in Atlantic City on 7 September , termed the "cattle parade". The purpose of the protest was to call attention to beauty standards and the objectification of women. Through this era, women gained equal rights such as a right to an education, a right to work, and a right to contraception and abortion. One of the most important issues that The Women's Liberation movement faced was the banning of abortion and contraception, which the group saw as a violation of women's rights. Thus, they made a declaration known as Le Manifeste de which held signatures from women admitting to having had an illegal abortion.

The group gained support upon the publication. Women received the right to abort with the passing of the Veil Law in The s and s drew a different perspective in the feminist movement and was termed Grrl Feminism or Riot Grrl Feminism. They embraced individualism and diversity , and pushed to eliminate conformity. The twentieth century woman had the mindset of wanting to have it all. They wanted a professional career, as well as be a wife and mother.

Harriet Kimble Wrye PhD, ABPP, FIPA wrote of her research on the psychoanalytic perspectives of being a feminist in the twentieth century, "So many of us look back, and recognizing the pressures under which we struggled, wonder how we did what we did and at what price" Wrye On 11 October , the first televised work place sexual harassment case was aired. Anita Hill recounted the details of her experience in court to an all male panel. Despite there being four corroborating witnesses, the case was dismissed and Clarence Thomas was confirmed into the Supreme Court. Though the case was dismissed, it encouraged other women to speak out on their own experiences which led to Congress passing the Civil Rights Act of , which gave legal action against workplace sexual harassment.

The United Nations Human Development Report estimated that when both paid employment and unpaid household tasks are accounted for, on average women work more than men. During the course of the women's movement in Western society, affective changes have taken place, including women's suffrage , the right to initiate divorce proceedings and "no fault" divorce, the right of women to make individual decisions regarding pregnancy including access to contraceptives and abortion , and the right to own property.

Prior to the 20th century, women in China were considered essentially different from men. In China, Feminism has a strong association with socialism and class issues. In the patriarchal society, the struggle for women's emancipation means to enact laws that guarantee women's full equality of race, sex, property and freedom of marriage. To further eliminate the legacy of the class society of patriarchal women drowning of infants, corset , foot binding , etc. Before the westernization movement and the reform movement, women had set off a wave of their own strength in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom — However, there are too many women from the bottom identities in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It is difficult to get rid of the fate of being used.

Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, women with more knowledges took the initiative in the fight for women's rights and that is where feminism basically started. The term 'feminism' was first transmitted to China in which was proposed by Olympe de Gouges and promoted the 'women's liberation'. The feminist movement in China was mainly kickstarted and driven by male feminists prior to female feminists. In , Liang Qichao proposed banning of foot-binding and encouraged women to engage in the workforce, political environment and education.

The foot-binding costume had long been established in China which was an act to display the beauty and social status of women by binding their feet into an extremely small shoe with good decorations and ornaments. He also proposed to reduce the number of female dependents in family and encouraged women to receive the rights of education and enter the workforce to be economic independent from men and finally help the nation to reach higher wealth and prosperity.

For feminist Ma Junwu and Jin Tianhe, they both supported the equality between husbands and wives, women enjoy legitimate and equal rights and also rights to enter the political sphere. A key assertion from Jin Tianhe was women as the mother of the nation. These views from male feminists in early feminism in China represented the image of ideal women in the imagination of men. The female feminists in early China focused more on the methods or ways that women should behave and liberate themselves to achieve equal and deserved rights and independence. He Zhen expressed her opinion that women's liberation was not correlated to the interest of the nation and she analysed three reasons behind the male feminists included: following the Western trend, to alleviate their financial burdens and high quality of reproduction.

Besides, Li Zongsu proposed that women should strive for their legitimate rights which includes broader aspects than the male feminists: call for their own right over men, the Qing Court and in an international extent. In the Qing Dynasty, the discussion on feminism had two dimensions including the sex differences between men and women such as maternal role and duties of women and social difference between genders; the other dimension was the aim of liberation of women.

The view of the feminists were diverse: some believed feminism was benefiting the nation and some believed feminism was associated with the individual development of female in improving their rights and welfare. In the s, the Marxist philosophy about female and feminism was transmitted to China and became the guiding principle of feminism movement in China by introducing class struggle theories to address gender quality.

In the s, more female scholars were adapted to feminism in Western countries, and they promoted feminism and equal rights for women by publishing, translating and carrying out research on global feminism and made feminism in China as one part of their study to raise more concern and awareness for gender equality issues. Feminists are sometimes, though not exclusively, proponents of using non-sexist language , such as using "Ms" to refer to both married and unmarried women. Feminists are also often proponents of using gender-inclusive language, such as "humanity" instead of "mankind", or "they" in place of "he" where the gender is unknown.

Gender-neutral language is language usage which is aimed at minimizing assumptions regarding the gender of human referents. The advocacy of gender-neutral language reflects, at least, two different agendas: one aims to clarify the inclusion of both sexes or genders gender-inclusive language ; the other proposes that gender, as a category, is rarely worth marking in language gender-neutral language. Gender-neutral language is sometimes described as non-sexist language by advocates and politically correct language by opponents. Not only has the movement come to change the language into gender neutral but the feminist movement has brought up how people use language. Emily Martin describes the concept of how metaphors are gendered and ingrained into everyday life.

Metaphors are used in everyday language and have become a way that people describe the world. Martin explains that these metaphors structure how people think and in regards to science can shape what questions are being asked. If the right questions are not being asked then the answers are not going to be the right either. For example, the aggressive sperm and passive egg is a metaphor that felt 'natural' to people in history but as scientists have reexamined this phenomenon they have come up with a new answer.

The outcome of looking at things in a new perspective can produce new information. The increased entry of women into the workplace beginning in the 20th century has affected gender roles and the division of labor within households. Sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild in The Second Shift and The Time Bind presents evidence that in two-career couples, men and women, on average, spend about equal amounts of time working, but women still spend more time on housework. Jeremy Greenwood, Ananth Seshadri and Mehmet Yorukoglu argue that the introduction of modern appliances into the home has allowed women to enter the work force. Feminist criticisms of men's contributions to child care and domestic labor in the Western middle class are typically centered around the idea that it is unfair for women to be expected to perform more than half of a household's domestic work and child care when both members of the relationship perform an equal share of work outside the home.

Several studies provide statistical evidence that the financial income of married men does not affect their rate of attending to household duties. In Dubious Conceptions , Kristin Luker discusses the effect of feminism on teenage women's choices to bear children, both in and out of wedlock. She says that as childbearing out of wedlock has become more socially acceptable, young women, especially poor young women, while not bearing children at a higher rate than in the s, now see less of a reason to get married before having a child.

Her explanation for this is that the economic prospects for poor men are slim, hence poor women have a low chance of finding a husband who will be able to provide reliable financial support due to the rise of unemployment from more workers on the market, from just men to women and men. Some studies have suggested that both men and women perceive feminism as being incompatible with romance. However, a recent survey of U.

Virginia Satir said the need for relationship education emerged from shifting gender roles as women gained greater rights and freedoms during the 20th century:. The pattern of the relationship between husband and wife was that of the dominant male and submissive female A new era has since dawned However, there was very little that had developed to replace the old pattern; couples floundered Retrospectively, one could have expected that there would be a lot of chaos and a lot of fall-out.

We are learning how a relationship based on genuine feelings of equality can operate practically. Feminist theology is a movement that reconsiders the traditions, practices, scriptures, and theologies of religions from a feminist perspective. Some of the goals of feminist theology include increasing the role of women among the clergy and religious authorities, reinterpreting male-dominated imagery and language about God, determining the place of women in relation to career and motherhood, and studying images of women in the religion's sacred texts.

The feminist movement has affected religion and theology in profound ways. In liberal branches of Protestant Christianity , women are now allowed to be ordained as clergy, and in Reform , Conservative and Reconstructionist Judaism, women are now allowed to be ordained as rabbis and cantors. In some of these groups, some women are gradually obtaining positions of power that were formerly only held by men, and their perspectives are now sought out in developing new statements of belief.

These trends, however, have been resisted within most sects of Islam , Roman Catholicism , and Orthodox Christianity. Within Roman Catholicism, most women understand that, through the dogma of the faith, they are to hold, within the family, a place of love and focus on the family. They also understand the need to rise above that doesn't necessarily constitute a woman to be considered less than, but in fact equal to, that of her husband who is called to be the patriarch of the family and provide love and guidance to his family as well.

Christian feminism is a branch of feminist theology which seeks to reinterpret and understand Christianity in light of the equality of women and men. While there is no standard set of beliefs among Christian feminists, most agree that God does not discriminate on the basis of biologically determined characteristics such as sex. Early feminists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton concentrated almost solely on "making women equal to men. Rosemary Radford Ruether provided a systematic critique of Christian theology from a feminist and theist point of view. Islamic feminism is concerned with the role of women in Islam and aims for the full equality of all Muslims , regardless of gender, in public and private life.

Although rooted in Islam, the movement's pioneers have also used secular and Western feminist discourses. Jewish feminism seeks to improve the religious, legal, and social status of women within Judaism and to open up new opportunities for religious experience and leadership for Jewish women. In its modern form, the movement can be traced to the early s in the United States. According to Judith Plaskow , who has focused on feminism in Reform Judaism , the main issues for early Jewish feminists in these movements were the exclusion from the all-male prayer group or minyan , the exemption from positive time-bound mitzvot , and women's inability to function as witnesses and to initiate divorce.

Historically there has been a need to study and contribute to the health and well-being of a woman that previously has been lacking. Londa Schiebinger suggests that the common biomedical model is no longer adequate and there is a need for a broader model to ensure that all aspects of a woman are being cared for. Schiebinger describes six contributions that must occur to have success: political movement, academic women studies, affirmative action, health equality act, geo-political forces, and professional women not being afraid to talk openly about women issues. Political movements come from the streets and are what the people as a whole want to see changed.

An academic women study is the support from universities in order to teach a subject that most people have never encountered. Affirmative action enacted is a legal change to acknowledge and do something for the times of neglect people were subjected to. Women's Health Equity Act legally enforces the idea that medicine needs to be tested in suitable standards such as including women in research studies and is also allocates a set amount of money to research diseases that are specific towards women.

Research has shown that there is a lack of research in autoimmune disease, which mainly affects women. Geo-political forces can improve health, when the country is not at a sense of threat in war there is more funding and resources to focus on other needs, such as women's health. Lastly, professional women not being afraid to talk about women's issues moves women from entering into these jobs and preventing them for just acting as men and instead embracing their concerns for the health of women.